This module is one for the new features in Apache 2.0 that enable Apache works as a proxy/gateway. It allow proxying in FTP, HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1, Connect (for SSL). Each of these proxy features work in separately modules. So you can choose which is needed for the Apache server.
Apache can be config in both a forward and reverse proxy mode.
Generally, forward proxy let apache proxy act as a middle contact server like and agent. Client request will be done by proxy server and requested content will be return to the Client. Normally forward proxy is use on client that are restricted by firewall, so forward proxy could make request for client.
Typically, reverse proxies are utilized in front of web servers. All connections coming from the Internet addressed to one of the web servers are routed through the proxy server, which may either deal with the request itself or pass the request wholly or partially to the main web server.
References:
1. Apache Module mod_proxy
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_proxy.html
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